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This article's use of may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please by removing or external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into. (June 2016) Part of on Technologies. Networks and protocols. /. Development and societal aspects.
Non-public file sharing. Websites and services. Clients. Streaming.
Academic/scholarly. By country or region. Related.
Contents. 1970s. 1976 – a point-to-point binary transfer protocol. February 1978 – 's becomes the first.
BBS access is limited to phone lines until the early 1990s. 1979 – conceived by and at the. Its primary purpose is to facilitate focused discussion threads within topical categories , but it also allows the transfer of files. As of 2016 alt.binaries.
newsgroups continue to serve files. 1980s Most file sharing in this era was done by modem over landline telephone, at speeds from 300 to 9600 bits per second. Many file systems in use only supported. Computer memory and speed was very limited, with 50 MHz CPUs only being accessible to consumers at the end of the decade. 1981 – – a binary protocol that can be used with or other systems to transfer binary data. January 1984 – In, the finds that making individual copies of complete television shows for purposes of is.
This case would create some interpretative challenges to courts in applying the case to more recent technologies available for use on home computers and over the Internet. 1984 –, an inter- protocol that was widely available prior to IP based, is founded. October 1985 – is standardized in, authored by Postel and Reynolds. FTP allows files to be efficiently uploaded and downloaded from a central server.
1985 – – a minor improvement to. 1986 – – another, which had superior long-distance (high latency) transmission. August 1988 – is created by Jarkko Oikarinen. 1990s FTP, IRC and Usenet were the main vehicles for file sharing in this decade. Data compression technologies for audio and video (like, AAC and MPEG) came into use towards the end of the 1990s.
Copper wire was common with fibre optic cable only becoming available late in the decade. 1990 - Michael Sandrof adds functionality to allowing users to share files. November 1990 – The is formally proposed. December 1991 – The chooses an audio codec developed by and his colleagues at with input from and to serve as the MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) ISO/IEC standard. This allows songs on CDs to be converted into small computer files.
June 1992 - establishes the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions standards for sending audio and images by email, paving the way for the alt.binaries hierarchy on. 1992 – Software Publishers Association runs an anti-copyright infringement campaign. July 1994 - The released the encoding software as shareware, the first of its kind. September 1995 - The released, the first software mp3 player for Windows. June 1996 - Mp3 warez group founded. Using connections inside record companies, they rip pre-release music CDs, and make the mp3's available for others to download. Developed a chat client for Windows that can do file transfers up to 2 GBs.
1997 – is founded by five Computer Science students. Early products provide file search and download using the protocol, as well as a multimedia web search engine released in 1998.
Scour attracted early attention and support from media industry insiders before declaring bankruptcy in October 2000. April 1997 – audio player is released, including the ability to make playlists, leading to increased use of MP3 files. May 1997 - launches with file transfer capabilities. August 1997 – is announced at MacWorld, and allows chat, forums, and file transfers. It becomes popular among users. September 1997 - 6.1 includes support for mp3 playback for the first time.
November 1997 –. Is founded by and Greg Flores. Initially an FTP search engine, MP3.com becomes a hosting service for unsigned artists.
It serves 4 million audio file downloads per day at its peak and becomes the largest technology in July 1999. The release of My.MP3.com in January 2000, which allowed users to stream their own files, would prompt litigation. In May 2000, would be ruled in favor of the record labels. MP3.com would settle for $200 million and discontinue the service.
January 1998 - is released providing easier to use CD-ripping software for creating mp3's on Windows. March 1998 – The, the first portable MP3 player, is launched.
July 1998 - released allowing mp3 playback and CD-ripping on Macintosh computers. In 2000, bought this program, and used it as the basis for. September 1998 – MP3 player is shipped. Its popularity leads the to file a temporary restraining order in October, without success.
October 1998 – is unanimously passed by the US Senate. DMCA provides a 'safe harbor' ensuring that Internet Service Providers cannot be sued for the activities of their users. November 1998 – is created. Initially an FTP search engine, the Audiogalaxy Satellite P2P client would reach 1 million downloads in 2001.
In May 2002, a suit by the RIAA would force Audiogalaxy to block sharing of illegal songs. In June 2002, Audiogalaxy would settle the suit for an undisclosed amount and make its services opt-in. In September 2002, Audiogalaxy would discontinue P2P services in favor of, a pay streaming service. December 1998 –, the first digital media news site, is launched. February 1999 - China's launches, a chat client with file transfer capability.
June 1999 – was created. Napster let users search across all users' shares. Napster provided a centralized server that indexed the files, and carried out the searches. Individual files, however, remain on the hosts' computers and were transferred directly from peer to peer.
November 1999 - The network is created. November 1999 - is launched. December 1999 - The first lawsuits were filed against Napster. 2000s In computer science terms, modern file sharing begins in the 2000s. Several file sharing protocols and file formats were introduced, along with nearly a decade in protocol experimentation. Towards the end of the 2000s, BitTorrent became subject to a 'man in the middle' attack in TCP mode – and this has led most file sharing protocols to move to UDP towards the very end of the decade.
Client and tracker software in this era was in development as much as the transmission protocols, so the file trading software was not always as reliable as it could have been. 2000. January – My.MP3.com is released by MP3.com. March – Scour Exchange is released as a P2P file exchange service to compete with Napster.
In addition to audio files, it also supports sharing of other media as well as software. March – becomes the first decentralized file sharing network with the release of a network client by and of.
Like Napster, users could share large numbers of files at once, and search across the entire network for files. March – (formerly ) Gnutella client released. May – causes My.MP3.com to shut down. 3.0 becomes the first version to include file transfer capability. June – (originally Slyway.com) launches. Its goal is to provide freedom of speech through a peer-to-peer network which focuses on protecting anonymity. Files are distributed across the computers of Freenet's users.
Ian Clarke's paper would become the most-cited computer science paper of 2000. Freenet would become a in 2008. September – client and server software is released by Jed McCaleb, introducing into decentralized file sharing. October – Scour Exchange is shut down as Scour Inc. Files for bankruptcy in the face of copyright infringement litigation.
October – Napster is credited with driving Radiohead's album to the top of the Billboard charts. December - Peer-to-peer file sharing client 1.8 beta is released, providing users with another way to connect to (later ) networks. 2001. February –.
February – Napster peaks at 26.4 million users. March – and the proprietary protocol are released by, and Priit Kasesalu. The Kazaa Media Desktop client came bundled with. Legal action in the Netherlands would force an offshoring of the company, renamed. In September 2003, the would file suit against private individuals allegedly sharing files via Kazaa. In September 2005, would be ruled against Sharman by the Federal Court of Australia.
Sharman's non-compliance would prompt censorship of the program in Australia. In June 2006, the would cause Sharman to settle for $100 million and convert Kazaa to a legal-only file sharing program. April – is released by (later StreamCast), after licensing the protocol. MusicCity had previously operated servers. Would become a popular FastTrack client, with 4.5 million users, until licensing disputes and a protocol switch in February 2002. In March 2003, the Morpheus client was re-released to operate on Gnutella, using Gnucleus servant as its core.
In June 2005, a redesigned Morpheus client would be released. In June 2006, would be decided against StreamCast. In June 2008, the Morpheus client would become no longer available for download. April – client is released. July – Napster shuts down due to injunction. Many former Napster users move to OpenNap servers.
July – Satellite client reaches 1 million downloads. July 1 – released. Users only upload one or a small number of files at a time, but all peers are forced to seed to other peers from the parts of a file they have received so far. There is usually no way to search for files built into the program itself, so search engine sites had to be established. Downloads for popular files tend to be quite fast. August – eDonkey network index site founded.
It would be taken down by police in March 2004. September - admitted that they had included digital rights management software on 's single, perhaps the first such scheme to be implemented. October – client is released. By 2007, it would no longer be functional. October - released the first, which would eventually become the most popular portable mp3 player.
October - 8 includes the ability to rip CDs to mp3 for the first time. November – is first publicly announced. November – is created for the and would become the most popular client.
2002. January – and RIAJ vs Yugen Kaisha Nippon MMO in Tokyo district court, causing File rogue(ファイルローグ) ordered to shut down on April 9. February – The Kazaa protocol switch shuts out Morpheus.
May – is released and soon becomes the network's most popular client. May – takes steps to block illegal files due to RIAA lawsuit.
May 27 – service was founded by Christian Schmid. June – Audiogalaxy settles RIAA suit for undisclosed amount, its file sharing becomes limited. June – First release of. June – released. July – introduced by the creators of implementing protocol. July – (소리바다) was closed on July 11 by District Court South Division.
August – is founded by Jon Newton. Releases OS X 10.2 including the client which includes file transfer capabilities. September – Audiogalaxy discontinues P2P services. October – file sharing program released. October – torrent index goes online.
November – protocol is announced. 2003. January – torrent index founded by Gary Fung. As of 2008, it serves over 40 million unique searches per month. March – The is published, advocating a business model for the recording industry based on file sharing.
April – torrent index founded. As of 2008, it is the second-largest public torrent tracker in the world. May – is released. It is the first Kazaa client for the Mac OS X platform. May – The is launched by Apple, selling music by individual tracks, with to prevent file sharing. May 15 - First hearing before House Committee of Government Reform on inadvertent file sharing, Overexposed: The Threats to Privacy & Security on File Sharing Networks. Inadvertent File Sharing was a security concern detailed by researcher at describing how user interface issues contributed to users of inadvertently sharing personal and confidential information over p2p networks.
June 17 - Second congressional hearing before Senate Judiciary Committee on inadvertent file sharing The Dark Side of a Bright Idea: Could Personal and National Security Risks Compromise the Potential of P2P File-Sharing Networks?. September – the begins filing lawsuits against individuals allegedly sharing files on. September – is registered.
It would be shut down in March 2008, and in May 2008 it would be ordered to pay the $110 million in damages. November – source code is confiscated by the Police. November 21 – (TPB) is founded by,.
It is based in Sweden. It has remained active despite numerous legal actions and a police raid in May 2006. As of February 4, 2013, it is the 73rd most popular site on the Internet according to.
2003 – introduces the, which implements the protocol. 2004. January 17 - The initial version of the protocol is introduced for the network. March 10 – ShareReactor shut down by Swiss Police. May 10 – Winny developer is arrested for suspected conspiracy to commit copyright violation. June 1 – becomes with the release of v2.0 of the software.
As of 2008, almost all of the major clients on its supported networks (, ) are open source. October 28 – The files an additional 750 lawsuits aimed at alleged copyright violations from file sharing. December 14 – Suprnova and many other torrent indexes closed after cease and desist orders. December 14 – refuses to comply with cease and desist orders, quickly gains 680,000 users, and $40,000 in legal fund donations. Its legitimacy would later be questioned and it would be taken over by in February 2005. December 15 - US Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Workshop entitled Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Technology: Consumer Protection and Competition Issues 2005. January – torrent index goes online as a successor to Suprnova.
It has served 5 billion downloads as of May 2008. January – goes online and rumored/adversed as 'the revenge of suprnova'. The program failed to gain popularity and was eventually abandoned months later. February – LokiTorrent indexing service shut down and is taken over. March - reported as the most popular music service with 2.1 million users followed by and with 1.7 million users. March – BitTorrent alternative proposed.
Is criticized by BitTorrent creator. March 21 – service is launched. June – A busy CD music MP3 download site Boxup closed down and membership transfer to coxoo, then discontinued 2006/03. June – developers are found guilty by the United States of encouraging. June 30 – EzPeer wins its case vs IFPI Taiwan in district court.
The high court would later reject an appeal, but ezPeer would settle with IPFI Taiwan. As of 2008, it is a legal music download service. August - adds drag and drop file sharing capability with version 7. September 5 –. September 13 – servers owned by Frontcode are shut down due to a letter from the.
Developer groups would set up new servers days later. September 9 – (酷樂) loses its case vs IFPI Taiwan in Taipei local court. It would also lose its case vs Push Sound Music & Entertainment on December 19, 2006.
Kuro would lose its appeal in the Taiwan high court on July 16, 2008. Chairman Chen Shou-ten (陳壽騰), CEO James Chen (陳國華), president Chen Kuo-hsiung (陳國雄), and one of Kuro's 500,000 members Chen Chia-hui (陳佳惠), were sentenced to fine and jail. It shut down its P2P services in 2006, and has become a legal music download service. September 28 – MetaMachine Inc. Discontinues the development and maintenance of the original client and of the network following a from the. October - Programmer revealed on his blog that had started shipping music CD's that surreptitiously install a rootkit on Windows PCs designed to prevent copying. November –, the author of the (P2P) and the program, made a deal with the to remove links to illegal content on the official BitTorrent website.
The deal was with the seven largest studios in America. The agreement means the site will comply with procedures outlined in the. November 12 - is launched. Pro- demonstration in after the police raid against, 2006. February 21 –, a indexing server and one of the biggest on the eDonkey network, is raided and taken down. May 31 – The servers of the Swedish website are raided by 50 Swedish police officers, causing it to go offline for three days.
June 27 – is decided. June, July - and stop offering., and drop the alt.
or alt.binaries. hierarchy. October - announced the introduction of a 'content identification architecture' which allows them to locate videos under copyright, and remove them.
If copyright holders choose to leave the video up, YouTube agrees to pay them a share of the advertising revenue., and all agree to this approach., file host, is launched. 2007. gave up using on their audio CD's, the last music company to do so. August 9 - launches Windows Live SkyDrive in the United Kingdom and India. They gradually made it available in more countries, and in January 2014, the service was renamed. August 21 – is relaunched by The Pirate Bay.
September - begins selling mp3's free of. October 12 – files a lawsuit against.com, accusing it of being an illicit peer-to-peer file sharing site. October 23 – BitTorrent Tracker is raided and shut down by a joint effort between Dutch and British police. October 24 – The civil-court jury trial for, the first by against an alleged file sharer, concludes with a verdict for the plaintiffs and a award of US$9,250 for each of 24 songs, for a total of $222,000. This was vacated due to an error in jury instruction, and a new trial was held in 2009.
November 9 – The BitTorrent tracker shuts down until April 2008 citing legal threats by the. December 20 – Shareaza.com, the homepage of, is taken over by Discordia Ltd., a company closely related to the (Recording Industry Association of America).
It now distributes software containing spyware and adware. 2008. opens up their music catalog for sale over internet DRM-free, the last music company to ascent to this. January 10 – A trademark claiming the name is filled by Discordia Ltd. March 24 – shuts down citing hostile legal climate.
April 11 – comes back online. May 7 – TorrentSpy is ordered to pay $110 million in damages by US court. May 8 – darknet rewrite is released. August 8 – prevents their citizens from accessing and forwards their traffic to instead. September - launches to the public.
October 10 – An appeal by The Pirate Bay's lawyers succeeds in lifting the Italian ban. October 29 – website taken down; client is no longer available. November 27 – A Danish court rules that ISPs must block access to the website. December 16 – is reopened by The Pirate Bay. December 19 – The claims to have ended its P2P litigation campaign against individuals in the U.S., which had been losing money, in favor of a three strikes campaign. However, some new lawsuits continued to be filed.; Suess, Randy (1989).
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